Education and Work Experience

• 2004:

  Masters of Arts (MA), Russian, East European & Eurasian Studies, Stanford University

• 2016:

  Masters of Arts (MA), Government (Comparative Politics Major; Political Theory & International Relations Minors), Georgetown University

• 2016:

  Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Government, Georgetown University

• 2016-Present:

  Nonresidential Affiliate, Center for International Security and Cooperation (CISAC), Stanford University

• 2020-Present:

  Nonresident Fellow, Foreign Policy Program, Brookings Institution

• 2022-Present:

  Adjunct Professor, Center for Eurasian, Russian & East European Studies (CERES), Georgetown University School of Foreign Service

• 2025-Present:

  Professor, College of Information & Cyberspace, National Defense University

Selected Publications

• “Long-Term Tradeoffs in Cybersecurity Policy Decisions.”

  Chapter in report, Achieving Cyber Risk Resilience: Analyzing Alternative Approaches to Cybersecurity, by the National Bureau of Asian Research (NBR), forthcoming Summer 2026.

• “Ukraine’s Support Coalition and the Long (Info) War: Mitigating the Disinformation Threat to Democratic Collaboration.”

  In volume, Defending Democracy in the Digital Age, edited by Scott Shackelford. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, January 2026.

• “Russia’s Asymmetric Enablers.”

  Chapter in report, Assessing Russian plans for military regeneration: Modernization and reconstitution challenges for Moscow’s war machine. Chatham House, July 2024.

• “Assessing Russian Cyber and Information Warfare in Ukraine: Expectations, Realities, and Lessons,”

  Center for Naval Analyses (CNA), November 2023,

• “Political and Economic Tradeoffs: Understanding the Dictator’s ‘Digital Dilemma.’”

  In Digital Repression: Causes, Consequences & Policy Responses, edited by Chris Ogden and Olivia Hagen. Durham: Durham University Press, Forthcoming. Prior publication as article, Global Policy Journal, May 2023.

• “Concept Misalignment and Cyberspace Instability: Lessons from Cyber-Enabled Disinformation.”

  In Cyberspace and (in)stability, edited by Robert Chesney, Max Smeets, & James Shires. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, January 2023.

• “Runet’s Critical Juncture: The Ukraine War and the Battle for the Soul of the Web.”

  In special issue “Recoding Reality: The Rise of Digital Authoritarianism.”  SAIS Review of International Affairs Volume 42, Number 2, Summer-Fall 2022.

• “On Cyber-Enabled Information Warfare and Information Operations,”

  with Herbert Lin. In Oxford Handbook of Cyber Security, edited by Paul Cornish, 251-272. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022.

• “Arms Control in Today’s (Dis)Information Environment: How to enable trust in the digital age,”

  InkStick Media, June 25, 2021.

• “Towards Trustworthy and Responsible Artificial Intelligence Policy Development,”

  with Raj Madhavan, Amanda R. Corcos, and Benjamin P. Isaacoff.  IEEE Intelligent Systems Magazine, Fall 2020.

• “Crisis Stability and the Impact of the Information Ecosystem,”

  with Kristin ven Bruusgaard. In Three Tweets to Midnight: Effects of the Global Information Ecosystem on the Risk of Nuclear Conflict, Hoover Institution Press (February 2020).